Transformation of Sentence (Simple to Compound to Simple)
একটি simple sentence এ একটিমাত্র independent clause থাকে এবং কোনো dependent clause থাকে না । যেমন, Listening to music is my hobby.
পক্ষান্তরে একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে । যেমন, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Simple sentence কে Compound sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম-
Rule 1:
যদি simple sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে তবে Compound sentence এ প্রথম কাজটিকে দ্বিতীয় কাজের আগে উল্লেখ করে তাদেরকে “and” conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet, because, if, whether, lest, unless, as, since, how, when, where, while, why, till, until, after, before, however, as soon as, though and than) দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে।
Example:
Simple: Coming home she had lunch.
Compound: She came home and had lunch.
Simple: Going to the office I will write the article.
Compound: I will go to the office and will write the article.
Simple: Going to the varsity she will do the class.
Compound: She will go to the varsity and will do the class.
Rule 2:
Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ব্যবহার করা হবে।
If the simple sentence has “besides being,” the compound sentence will use “not only..….but also.”
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3:
যদি simple sentence এ “in spite of” থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “but” দিয়ে ভিন্ন clause দুটো যুক্ত করতে হবে।
Simple: In spite of his poverty the postman never shirks his duty.
Compound: The postman is poor, but he never shirks his duty.
Simple: In spite of his illness he sat for the exam.
Compound: He was ill, but he sat for the exam.
Rule 4:
যদি simple sentence এ বলা হয় যে একজন person কে কোনকিছু অর্জন করতে must কিছু করতে হবে তবে compound sentence এই structure follow করবে, ”person must do….or/otherwise the person will not…..”
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Rule 5:
যদি simple sentence এ বলা হয় যে একজন person কে must কিছু করতে হবে কোনকিছু escape/avoid করতে তবে compound sentence এই structure follow করবে ”person must do….or/otherwise person will + verb’s simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb’s past participle form
Simple: You must study hard to escape failure in the exam.
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise you will fail the exam.
Simple: He must run fast to avoid losing in the race.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will lose the race.
Simple: The culprit must run away to avoid his arrest.
Compound: The culprit must run away or/otherwise, he will be arrested.
Rule 6:
যদি simple sentence এ একজন person এর কোন কাজ করার কারণ বলা হয়, তবে compound sentence এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করে result বা ফলাফলকে conjunction “and” দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Rule 7:
যদি simple sentence এ “for” থাকে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে ও পরে কারণ থাকে তবে compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থাকবে এবংএর আগে কারণ ও পরে কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকবে।
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore, the boss praised him.
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Rule 8:
যদি simple sentence এ “to” থাকে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে ও পরে কারণ থাকে তবে compound sentence এ conjunction “and” ব্যবহার হবে ও বাকি সবকিছু একই থাকবে।
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9:
যদি simple sentence এ “In the event of being” থাকে তবে compound sentence এই structure follow করবে, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”।
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Compound sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম-
একটি compound sentence এ কমপক্ষে দুটি independent clause থাকে যারা পৃথক sentence হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে এবং coordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে । যেমন, Listening to music and singing songs are my hobbies.
Rule 1:
যদি compound sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে এবং “and” conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময়
প্রথম verb এর সাথে “ing” যোগ করে প্রথম clause টিকে সংক্ষিপ্ত করা হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এর
Tense ব্যবহৃত হয় ।
Compound: I went there and met her.
Simple: Going there I met her.
Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.
Simple: Going to the office she will do the work.
Compound: She will go to the theatre and watch the play.
Simple: Going to the theatre she will watch the play.
Rule 2:
Compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” থাকলে, simple sentence এ “besides being” ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Compound: The girl is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
Simple: Besides being beautiful the girl is intelligent.
Compound: She is not only a brilliant student but also a good singer.
Simple: Besides being a brilliant student she is a good singer.
Compound: He is not only a good writer but also an outstanding lecturer.
Simple: Besides being a good writer he is an outstanding lecturer.
Rule 3:
যদি compound sentence এ conjunction “but” দিয়ে দুটো ভিন্ন clause যুক্ত থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ শুরুতে “in spite of”, এর পরে person অনুযায়ী my/his/her + subordinate clause এর adjective এর noun form + main clause ব্যবহার করা হবে।
Compound: The book was long but interesting.
Simple: In spite of being long the book was interesting.
Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness he came for rehearsal.
Rule 4:
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, ”person must do….or/otherwise person will not…..” , তবে simple sentence এই structure follow করবে, “ person must do….to + কাজটি করার ফলাফল ।
Compound: You must study hard or/otherwise, you will not get good marks in the exam.
Simple: You must study hard to get good marks in the exam.
Compound: He must run fast or/otherwise, he will not win the race.
Simple: He must run fast to win the race.
Rule 5:
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, ”person must (do)….or/otherwise person will + verb এর simple form…..” or , ”person must do…...or/otherwise person will be + verb এর past participle form, simple sentence এই structure follow করবে, ”person must (do)….to escape/avoid……” ।
Compound: You must practice hard or/otherwise, you will lose the game.
Simple: You must practice hard to escape losing the game.
Compound: He must work hard or/otherwise, he will be suspended.
Simple: He must work hard to avoid suspension.
Compound: The thief must run away or/otherwise, he will be beaten.
Simple: The thief must run away to avoid being beaten.
Rule 6:
যদি compound sentence প্রথমে কোনো কাজ করার কারণ উল্লেখ করে, কাজ করার ফলাফলকে conjunction “and ” দিয়ে যুক্ত করে, তবে simple sentence এই structure follow করবে, “ Being + adjective (কারণ)+ main clause।
Compound: He was guilty, and he ran away.
Simple: Being guilty he ran away.
Compound: He was very happy, and he started to dance.
Simple: Being so happy he started to dance.
Rule 7:
যদি compound sentence এ “so”/”therefore” থাকে এবংএর আগে কারণ ও পরে কাজ করার ফলাফল থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ “for” থাকবে এবং এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল ও পরে কারণ থাকবে।
Compound: He worked hard, so the boss praised him.
Compound: He worked hard, and therefore the boss praised him.
Simple: The boss praised him for his hard work.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet, so she is very popular among people.
Compound: The singer’s voice is sweet therefore she is very popular among people.
Simple: The singer is very popular among people for her sweet voice.
Rule 8:
যদি compound sentence এ conjunction “and” ব্যবহার করে এর আগে কোন কাজ করার ফলাফল
ও পরে কারণ থাকে, তবে simple sentence এ “to” ব্যবহার হবে ও বাকি সবকিছু একই থাকবে।
Compound: She came here and met me.
Simple: She came here to meet me.
Simple: She studied hard to get good marks.
Compound: She studied hard and got good marks.
Rule 9:
যদি compound sentence এই structure follow করে, “person must not be+ adjective + or/otherwise + person will not be…….”, simple sentence শুরুতে “In the event of being”+ adjective+ main clause ব্যবহার করবে ।
Compound: You must not be late or/ otherwise you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Simple: In the event of being late you will not be allowed to participate in the meeting.
Compound: You must not be lazy or/ otherwise you will not be allowed on the team.
Simple: In the event of being lazy you will not be allowed on the team.
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